Posts Tagged ‘innovations’

Baltimore’s Green Roof Renaissance

October 6th, 2009

Ed Dreiband claims to be afraid of heights, yet here he is, some twenty-five feet up, standing on the roof of his newly built Northwest Honda dealership in Owings Mills, looking like the king of the world.

From this vantage point high above busy Reisterstown Road, Dreiband can survey all 28,500 square feet of the building’s innovative “green roof,” made of living, growing plants.  The green roof is the centerpiece of Northwest Honda’s eco-friendly auto facility, which opened in August.

“The plants have grown some since my last visit,” says Dreiband, who led this reporter on a semi-perilous climb up a narrow, indoor ladder, before opening a steel hatch that leads onto the roof.
Dreiband walks gingerly, careful not to tread upon neatly manicured rows of tiny plants—some 57,000 in all—that nearly cover the roof.  “They don’t really require much work,” Dreiband explains.  “When it rains, they’re watered.  That’s what’s so great about this—the environmental benefits and the practicality.”

Green roofs are vegetated covers where growing plants replace traditional roofing materials.  Experts like Garth Rockcastle, dean of the School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation at the University of Maryland, College Park, say they’re gaining favor as a smart, sustainable design trend.

“For the past fifteen years [in college architecture programs] there’s been an evolution in terms of teaching more ‘green’ concepts,” says Rockcastle.  “Today, it’s considered standard.”

The need and the demand for eco-friendly construction have increased due to factors such as global warming, higher rates of air and water pollution, and a growing population.  Green roofs can help lessen urban development and suburban sprawl issues, while creating environmental, economic, and aesthetic benefits.

Environmentally, the myriad benefits include reduced effects on the ozone, fewer toxins in drinking water, and improved air quality.  While green roofs usually entail higher initial costs, their economic advantages typically include decreased energy usage and utility costs (particularly in heating and cooling).  Among the aesthetic benefits are visually pleasing native and naturalized plantcommunities.

Dreiband says he first read about eco-friendly construction in USA Today and Ward’s DealerBusiness, a trade publication for car dealers.  He and his wife, Ina, also own BMW and Suzuki dealerships, all along the 9700 block of Reisterstown Road.

“When we began working on the new building, I asked our architect about it,” says the 62-year-old accountant turned car dealer, whose two sons Josh and Danny help him manage a team of two hundred.  “We found out that we could do it, and went from there.”

Architects Peter Powell and Rob Gordon of Beck, Powell & Parsons in Towson designed the new $12 million facility, set on four acres that formerly housed Baltimore County police department offices.  (The land was purchased from the county in 2001 and the groundbreaking occurred in January 2006.)

The new building replaces the old Northwest Honda site across the street (which will be used to expand the family’s BMW dealership), and is designed to preserve energy and utilize recycled materials in a variety of ways.

“[Dreiband] has always had an interest in energy conservation, both as an environmental concern and a cost-saving measure,” says Powell.  “We’d done residential and commercial [green] buildings, but never a green roof on a commercial building.  It was an exciting project.”

The results are impressive. The sprawling 40,000 -square -foot dealership is painted white with cool blue accents, giving it a light, airy feel. It can accommodate up to five hundred cars.

The building has eighty-seven energy-saving insulated glass panels, and its main heating source comes from furnaces that use recycled oil from cars.  Throughout the building, automatic sensors turn lights on and off as people enter and exit rooms; meanwhile, exterior lights are controlled by so-called “photoeyes” that turn lights on based on the percentage of available light, and turn them off based on time clocks to reduce unnecessary usage.

To service cars, there are twenty-nine vehicle bays in the service center, and the dealership’s on-premise carwash recycles water between washes—about 2,500 to 3,000 gallons daily.

As for the building’s green roof—which actually has what architect Rob Gordon describes as a “thermo-plastic polyolefin membrane (TPO) roof” underneath to keep the interior of the building dry—it is a blend of both form and function.  For starters, the green roof extends the life of a traditional roof, according to the lead architects, who collaborated on the project with landscape architect Thomas J. Hoff (who secured the approval from Baltimore County to install the green roof), various engineers, builders, county officials, and others.

Having multiple layers protects the TPO roofing membrane from ultraviolet rays, wind, and the extremes of temperature fluctuations.  “The green roof keeps the TPO cooler, and this reduces the ‘heat island effect’ of a black roof, which would otherwise contribute to global warming,” explains Powell.

The green roof also meets the county’s required storm water management system requirements, says Robert Alexander Wirth, a professional engineer and manager of storm water engineering for the county’s Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management.

“When you disturb more than five thousand square feet [of land], you are required to address storm water management,” he explains. “Because of site constraints, such as clay soil under the ground, they had to come up with an alternative storm water practice. There’s a whole menu of items you can choose—from a storm water retention pond to underground facilities. They chose to do this green roof.”

Wirth says according to the plans submitted to the county, estimates were that the roof would cost a little under $400,000.

A green roof typically has drought-tolerant plants (in this case, most are a hardy species known as sedum in six different varieties) that help reduce, filter, and cool storm water run-off. That in turn can protect sewer systems and watersheds, and help prevent potentially hazardous levels of toxins from entering waterways such as the Chesapeake Bay and affecting food sources like fish.

While Dreiband says safety and insurance issues preclude the public and customers from going up to the roof, the project has garnered positive attention for the dealership.  Besides being what Wirth called “unique” in Baltimore County, it may also be the first Honda operation nationwide with such design elements, according to company officials in Torrance, California.

“It is certainly one of the first to incorporate so many environmental facility features into the overall design philosophy of the dealership,” says Chris Martin, a spokesman for American Honda Motor Co., Inc.

“We’re thrilled about the new building and the chance to operate in an environmentally conscious manner,” says Dreiband, who resists labeling himself an “environmentalist.”

“I can’t take care of the whole world, but this makes me feel good.  I have grandchildren, and many of the people on my team have children.  We want to leave them a healthy environment.  We only have one earth.  We all share it.”

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Quebec Company Turns Trash Into Fuel

October 6th, 2009

Will today’s municipal landfills become tomorrow’s clean energy reserves?

A team of scientists from Singapore and Switzerland recently released figures published in the current issue of the journalGlobal Change Biology: Bioenergy, projecting how much cellulosic ethanol could be generated from the waste paper and cardboard that ends up in municipal waste streams.

Basing their calculations on known wood and crop waste yields, as well as estimates of gas and paper consumption in 173 countries, the group reckons there’s enough such trash to generate 82.9 billion litres of ethanol (almost 22 billion gallons) a year – “replacing 5.36 percent of gasoline consumption, with accompanying greenhouse gas emissions savings of between 29.2 percent and 86.1 percent,” the authors conclude.

But these emission-reduction figures don’t account for additional carbon emissions arising from increased timber harvesting — which would presumably follow a reduction in global supplies of recycled newsprint and cardboard.

Enerkem, a green energy company based in Quebec, has developed an alternative approach to mining the carbon out of non-recyclable plastics, construction waste and other materials found in the municipal waste stream.

The company says it has pioneered a gasification technology that processes waste into a synthetic gas that can be converted into liquid fuels and biochemicals, and it has entered a 25-year deal with the City of Edmonton to purchase the trash left over after glass, metals, paper and recyclable plastics have been removed.

This fall, the company started construction on a $65 million plant in Edmonton, Alberta, that will transform 110,000 tons of sorted municipal solid waste into about 9.5 million gallons of fuel-grade ethanol.

It will be the first such plant to go into operation in North America.

Enerkem says the fuel represents an 80 percent reduction in greenhouse gases relative to gasoline, and so will qualify for the Canadian government’s new biofuel content mandate, to be introduced in 2010.

Marie-Hélène Labrie, the vice president of government affairs and communications, said that the company is in the process of negotiating a similar venture with the Three Rivers Solid Waste Management Authority of Mississippi, which serves seven counties in the Tupelo region.

That deal, still under negotiation, will involve 189,000 tons of unsorted municipal solid waste a year.

The $250 million plant, in Pontotoc, will recycle and convert approximately 60 percent of the trash that crosses the gate at the Three Rivers landfill, according to an Enerkem statement.

The majority of the waste will be converted into biofuels and the remainder “will be distributed to recycling processors,” the company said. The plant is expected to produce about 20 million gallons of ethanol a year.

According to the University of Michigan’s Centre for Sustainable Systems, the United States produces almost 250 million tons of municipal solid waste each year, with just under 60 percent destined for landfill.

“It is recycling the carbon molecules in this garbage,” Ms. Labrie said. “You can also produce green chemicals as well as biofuels.  It’s a great resource.”

A New Way to Turn Plastic Into Fuel?

September 16th, 2009

EnvionEnvionEnvion, a Washington, D.C., start-up, aims to turn plastics into fuel — with minimal mess.

Entrepreneurs have been trying for years to turn low-value wastes into high-value products.  Waste plastic is among the lowest in value, and gasoline or diesel fuel the highest, but machines that carry out that conversion usually consume a lot of energy and get gummed-up by leftover materialthat they cannot convert.

Now a company in Washington, D.C., is trying out a new way — heating the plastic to a very carefully controlled temperature range, with infrared energy.

The company, Envion, is expected to cut the ribbon on Wednesday morning on a $5 million plant that it says will annually convert 6,000 tons of plastic into nearly a million barrels of something resembling oil. The product can be blended with other components and sold as gasoline or diesel.

“We are the world’s largest oil consumer and the world’s biggest producer of waste,’’ said Michael Han, chairman and chief executive of the company.

This process will convert one to the other for about $10 a barrel, he said.

Montgomery County, just north of Washington, D.C., apparently agrees, at least to the extent that it is giving Mr. Han a free supply of plastic and a spot at its waste transfer station to set up shop.

Gov. Martin O’Malley of Maryland was scheduled to speak at a ceremonial opening on Wednesday.

A day earlier, Mr. Han pointed out bales of plastics waiting to be shredded and fed into his machine, including planters, McDonald’s large-sized beverage cups, margarine containers and other materials typical of what suburban residents put out in blue bins once a week for pick-up.

His machine can digest the blue bins, too, he said.

Indeed, the machine will take everything except PET (the bottle with the “1’’ on the bottom) because those have a higher value on the recycling market, he said.

He will process the caps, though.

(Nationwide, 50 million tons of plastic waste are generated annually, according to the company.)

The finished product looks like a slightly murky lemonade and smells somewhere between gasoline and diesel fuel. One company has already agreed to buy the material for blending into motor fuel, and Mr. Han said he is in discussion with others. Envion would like to license its technology for use around the world.

Mr. Han and other company officials were a little vague on some details, which they said were proprietary, but the plant essentially consists of a two-story-high chemical reactor with an internal agitator (for mixing up the soup) and heating elements that give off infrared energy.

Another trick is to limit the amount of oxygen.

Because the process is driven by electricity and not with an open flame, the temperature can be tightly controlled, so most of the material — about 82 percent, according to the company — becomes liquid fuel.

Company executives predicted that they would have to shut down to clean out leftover sludge two to four times a year (conventional processes get clogged much faster).

The sludge can be burned for energy too, but it has much lower value.

Production depends on the plastic used as feedstock, but each ton of waste will produce 3 to 5 barrels of product, according to Envion. Producing a barrel consumes between 59 and 98 kilowatt-hours — two or three days’ worth of electricity for a typical house.  The price of electricity per gallon comes to 7 to 12 cents, the company says.

Todd Makurath, the director of global brand management at the company, said that because it was all electric, it could be monitored over the Web, with just two employees on site, one to use a front-end loader to dump shredded plastic into the intake hopper and another to “watch for red lights” on the alarm system.

“This could be transformational in how we handle plastics,’’ Mr. Makurath said.